从20世纪初起，红山文化玉器就在海内外一些收藏家和着名博物馆中有所收藏。但这些玉器都来自民间，而非正式的考古发掘，因此其出土的墓葬情况以及地层关系都是未知数，断代年份也就一直无法破解。直到牛河梁墓葬玉器的出土，才使一切变得清晰起来，也经此展现出了红山文化“唯玉为葬”的特征。王国维曾解释过“礼”字是“象二玉在器之形”，又说创造“礼”时，有“以玉事神”的含义；历代礼制的滥觞《周礼》，也明确记载着：“以玉作六器，以礼天地四方。”从这个角度看，红山文化玉器已具备了后世的“礼”之雏形，“惟玉为葬”的实质其实是“惟玉为礼”。,最强英音练习原文QueensChristmasmessage2019Asachild,Ineverimaginedthatonedayamanwouldwalkonthemoon.Yetthisyearwemarkedthe50thanniversaryofthefamousApollo11mission.AsthosehistoricpictureswerebeamedbacktoEarth,millionsofussattransfixedtoourtelevisionscreens,aswewatchedNeilArmstrongtakingasmallstepformanandagiantleapformankind-and,indeed,forwomankind.Itsareminderforusallthatgiantleapsoftenstartwithsmallsteps.Thisyearwemarkedanotherimportantanniversary:D-Day.On6thJune1944,some156,000British,CanadianandAmericanforceslandedinnorthernFrance.Itwasthelargesteverseaborneinvasionandwasdelayedduetobadweather.Iwellrememberthelookofconcernonmyfathersface.HeknewthesecretD-Dayplansbutcouldofcoursesharethatburdenwithnoone.Forthe75thanniversaryofthatdecisivebattle,inatruespiritofreconciliation,thosewhohadformallybeenswornenemiescametogetherinfriendlycommemorationseithersideoftheChannel,puttingpastdifferencesbehindthem.Suchreconciliationseldomhappensovernight.Ittakespatienceandtimetorebuildtrust,andprogressoftencomesthroughsmallsteps.SincetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,manycharities,groupsandorganisationshaveworkedtopromotepeaceandunityaroundtheworld,bringingtogetherthosewhohavebeenonopposingsides.Bybeingwillingtoputpastdifferencesbehindusandmoveforwardtogether,wehonourthefreedomanddemocracyoncewonforusatsogreatacost.Thechallengesmanypeoplefacetodaymaybedifferenttothoseoncefacedbymygeneration,butIhavebeenstruckbyhownewgenerationshavebroughtasimilarsenseofpurposetoissuesuchasprotectingourenvironmentandourclimate.MyfamilyandIarealsoinspiredbythemenandwomenofouremergencyservicesandarmedforces;andatChristmas,werememberallthoseondutyathomeandabroad,whoarehelpingthoseinneedandkeepingusandourfamiliessafeandsecure.Twohundredyearsonfromthebirthofmygreat,greatgrandmother,QueenVictoria,PrincePhilipandIhavebeendelightedtowelcomeoureighthgreat-grandchildintoourfamily.Ofcourse,attheheartoftheChristmasstoryliesthebirthofachild:aseeminglysmallandinsignificantstepoverlookedbymanyinBethlehem.Butintime,throughhisteachingandbyhisexample,JesusChristwouldshowtheworldhowsmallstepstakeninfaithandinhopecanovercomelong-helddifferencesanddeep-seateddivisionstobringharmonyandunderstanding.Manyofusalreadytrytofollowinhisfootsteps.Thepath,ofcourse,isnotalwayssmooth,andmayattimesthisyearhavefeltquitebumpy,butsmallstepscanmakeaworldofdifference.AsChristmasdawned,churchcongregationsaroundtheworldjoinedinsingingItCameUponTheMidnightClear.Likemanytimelesscarols,itspeaksnotjustofthecomingofJesusChristintoadividedworld,manyyearsago,butalsooftherelevance,eventoday,oftheangelsmessageofpeaceandgoodwill.Itsatimelyreminderofwhatpositivethingscanbeachievedwhenpeoplesetasidepastdifferencesandcometogetherinthespiritoffriendshipandreconciliation.And,aswealllookforwardtothestartofanewdecade,itsworthrememberingthatitisoftenthesmallsteps,notthegiantleaps,thatbringaboutthemostlastingchange.Andso,IwishyouallaveryhappyChristmas.音标来源/LongmanPronunciationDictionaryCambridgeEnglishPronouncingDictionary英音发音要点参加英音正音练习社群。。